Basic and specialized application software.

Graphical user interface.

Graphical user interface is a program interface that takes advantage of the computer's graphic capabilities to make the program easier to use. GUIs can be used in computers,hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and office equipment. Moreover, Graphical user interfaces, such as Microsoft Windows and the one used by the Apple Macintosh, feature the following basic components: WIMP which is short for:

· Windows: You can divide the screen into different areas. In each window, you can run a different program or display a different file. You can move windows around the display screen, and change their shape and size at will.

· Icons: Small pictures that represent commands, files, or windows. By moving the pointer to the icon and pressing a mouse button, you can execute a command or convert the icon into a window. You can also move the icons around the display screen as if they were real objects on your desk.

· Menus : Most graphical user interfaces let you execute commands by selecting a choice from a menu

· Pointer : A symbol that appears on the display screen and that you move to select objects and commands.

Word Processor.

Word processing, formally known as document preparation system is a program that creates, edit, store, retrieve and printing a document. The first commercially successful word processing software  program was known as WordStar which was released in 1979 by MicroPro international.it was the best-selling program ever since.in the later years, innovations were created such as spell checking programs, increased formatting options, and dot matrix printing. The word processor consists of many components such as various icons like  copy and paste, cut ,font specifications ,  macro, headings, spell checker, thesaurus, tables, layouts, header and footers, WYSIWYG, plenty of graphics, foot notes and cross referencing  and  page numbering. Nowadays, word processing has evolved to a better program with added features which makes it easier for users to utilize it.

Spreadsheet.

 

A spreadsheet is a computer application that simulates a paper, accounting worksheet. It displays multiple cells usually in a two-dimensional matrix or grid consisting of rows and columns. Each cell contains alphanumeric text, numeric values or formulas. A formula defines how the content of that cell is to be calculated from the contents of any other cell (or combination of cells) each time any cell is updated. Spreadsheets are frequently used for financial information because of their ability to re-calculate the entire sheet automatically after a change to a single cell is made. Spreadsheet consists of components such as formulas, cell ranges, functions, charts, locked cells,values, automatic recalculation , real time update, data formatting and cell format, but the list goes on forever.

DBMS.

 DBMS, short for Database management system is a software system that uses a standard method of cataloging, retrieving, and running queries on data. The DBMS manages incoming data, organizes it, and provides ways for the data to be modified or extracted by users or other programs. Some DBMS examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQL Server, FileMaker, Oracle, RDBMS, dBase, Clipper, FoxPro and Microsoft access.
All these products provide for the creation of a series of rights or privileges that can be associated with a specific user. This means that it is possible to designate one or more database administrators who may control each function, as well as provide other users with various levels of administration rights. To my understanding, it means that each product comes with a series of rights or privileges according to the user.In addition to this, the user can designate more than one database administrator who are able to control each  task with different levels of administration rights.

 Utility suites.

Utility software is similar to a  system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or tool. Some of the examples are Windows utility suites, which comes under many packages. Most utilities are highly specialized and designed to perform only a single task or a small range of tasks. However, there are also some utility suites that combine several features in one piece of software. Utility software categorizes in the following  utilities:  Disk storage, Disk defragmenters, Disk checkers , Disk cleaners Disk space analyzers , Disk partitions, Backup utilities, Disk compression , File managers , Archive , System profilers, System monitors , Anti-virus , Hex editors , Data compression , Cryptographic, Launcher applications, Registry cleaners, Network utilities  and  Screensavers.

Web authoring.

The software will generate the required HTML coding for the layout of the Web pages based on what the user designs. Typically, the user can toggle back and forth between the graphical design and the HTML code and make changes to the Web page in either the design of the accompanying code. HTML editors make it easy to write web pages. While it is possible to write a web page using just the text editor on your computer, most web designers find that it is much more efficient to use an HTML editor. In the beginning, all Web pages were written "by hand", using plain text editors. Web authors had to know the ins and outs of the HTML scripting language, and the task could quickly become very tedious. Soon after the number of people designing Web pages grew, "HTML Editors" began to appear on the market and soon became famous. Microsoft front page allows you to to type up a Web page in a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) environment, without dealing with or editing any HTML script directly. You simply enter in the contents of your page, using conventional formatting styles such as variable font sizing and text alignment, and these tools transparently translate it into the corresponding HTML script.

Audio editing software.






Audio editing started off as a process that requires both skill and instinct. In the olden days, this was vital. People used to use magnetic tape and tape recorders for audio editing. Let’s say that something went wrong… they have to undo everything, and start from scratch. This was very frustrating according to them. Nowadays, Now a computer user can own software which is as powerful as an older magnetic-tape based 64-track recording studio. It’s a good amount of power and a user can utilize many software applications, which can be complimentary or extremely low in cost. A digital audio editor is an application for editing, for example manipulating digital audio. Digital audio editors are the main software component of a workstation. This means that you can create, edit, restore, convert, and record audio using these soft wares. Thanks to audio editing software, more people have the opportunity to get their creative juices flowing by using the affordable and capable applications available on the market today. Some of the examples of audio editing softwares are wave pad and gold wave.


Bitmap image


Bitmap image is one of the most widely used type of graphic file which can also be referred to as raster image.Bit map images utilizes thousands of dots  or pixels in computing terms, to provide us an image. Every dot has a particular color, location and shade.however, one of the drawbacks of bitmap images is when they are expanded, they become pixilated and jagged on the edges.Many graphical user interfaces work with bitmaps in their built-in graphics sub-systems. For example, the Microsoft windows, in which the specific format used  is the windows, usually named with the file extension of .BMP 







Desktop publishing program.

DTP, or much more known as Desktop publishing, coordinates a personal computer and a WYSIWYG function  to create publication documents  on a computer for either large or small scale purposes.In addition to this, it is mostly used for page layout skills but these are not limited to book and paper publishing. DTP started off in 1985 with the introduction  of  MacPublisher,  which is the first WYSIWYG layout program  thus ran on the original 128k macintosh computers.It was not long until these DTP – like softwares came along, such as Adobe InDesign,Adobe PageMaker,Microsoft Publisher and many more,therefore making computing life easier.

HTML Editors.

HTML, also known as hyper text mark-up language is a software application for creating WebPages or websites. It innovates HTML coding and helps with the web design.HTML editors not only are capable of working with HTML, but  with similar technologies such as CSS  ( cascade style sheet ) , JavaScript , XML or  ECMA script. HTML are categorized in different embodiments, text, object and WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editors. There are various forms of HTML editors: Text (source) editors intended for use with HTML usually provide  syntax highlighting Templates, toolbars and keyboard wizards, tool-tips prompt, and auto completion are shortcuts that may help with common tasks. WYSIWYG HTML editors supports an editing interface which shows  how the page will be displayed in a browser. Examples of which are in the following pictures.

 

 

Image editors.

Image editors are softwares, which is a collection of programs that enable a person to edit or manipulate visual images on a computer. Some examples of the most commonly used image editors are Adobe Photoshop, Picnik, GIMP, Corel photopaint and many more. Image editing is the process of altering images, whether they be digital photographs, traditional analog photographs or illustrations. In addition to this, there are many editing tools that can’t totally change the original photo. Some of which are colour contrasts,  picture effects,  tools like adding text to the photo, or even change the resolution of the photo and resize it. Moreover, there are also features like photo retouching, collages, batch editing etc.Technology advancements these days. They get better by the day and also confusing too.

Multimedia.

Multimedia is the term define for  the integration of all sorts of media into one presentation. This includes  animation, music, voice, graphics, and text.in addition to this, it also consists of links and button whereby in certain websites, there will be some terms that one wouldn't understand, so the website provides it with links and different buttons for a more complex understanding of what the user is reading.interactivity allows the user to choose the information to view,to control the pace and flow of information, and to respond to items and give feedback. This is essential because then the source would know of how to improvise in the years to come.When creating a multimedia presentation, the user needs to plan and analyze in which they need to determine the objective of the project, design the storyboard for it, create and use authoring tool for interactive multimedia presentations, and support whereby you evaluate effectiveness and identify error.



















Vector Image.


Vector image are categorized under illustration programs.This is also another common type of a graphic file.Unlike bitmap images, vector images utilize geometric shapes or objects.These shapes are created by connecting lines and curves.Therefore, since these objects can be defined by the mathematical equations, they can easily be manipulated, resize, colored or textured. Vector images are mostly used in the deigning industry as this is the most applicable image format for them.Some of the well known softwares for vector images are Adobe illustrator, Inkscape, CoreIDraw and Micrografx designer.